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Digital images have several benefits, such as faster and
inexpensive processing cost, easy storage and communication,
immediate quality assessment, multiple copying while preserving
quality, swift and economical reproduction, and adaptable
manipulation. Digital medical images play a vital role in everyday
life. Medical imaging is the process of producing visible images of
inner structures of the body for scientific and medical study and
treatment as well as a view of the function of interior tissues.
This process pursues disorder identification and management.
Medical imaging in 2D and 3D includes many techniques and
operations such as image gaining, storage, presentation, and
communication. The 2D and 3D images can be processed in multiple
dimensions. Depending on the requirement of a specific problem, one
must identify various features of 2D or 3D images while applying
suitable algorithms. These image processing techniques began in the
1960s and were used in such fields as space, clinical purposes, the
arts, and television image improvement. In the 1970s, with the
development of computer systems, the cost of image processing was
reduced and processes became faster. In the 2000s, image processing
became quicker, inexpensive, and simpler. In the 2020s, image
processing has become a more accurate, more efficient, and
self-learning technology. This book highlights the framework of the
robust and novel methods for medical image processing techniques in
2D and 3D. The chapters explore existing and emerging image
challenges and opportunities in the medical field using various
medical image processing techniques. The book discusses real-time
applications for artificial intelligence and machine learning in
medical image processing. The authors also discuss implementation
strategies and future research directions for the design and
application requirements of these systems. This book will benefit
researchers in the medical image processing field as well as those
looking to promote the mutual understanding of researchers within
different disciplines that incorporate AI and machine learning.
FEATURES Highlights the framework of robust and novel methods for
medical image processing techniques Discusses implementation
strategies and future research directions for the design and
application requirements of medical imaging Examines real-time
application needs Explores existing and emerging image challenges
and opportunities in the medical field
Scientists and researchers from top labs around the world share
their expertise!
This unique text integrates tree transgenesis, functional
genomics, and structural genomics to present, for the first time, a
unified approach to research on the molecular biology of forest
trees. A distinguished panel of scientists, researchers, and
educators from around the world have combined their efforts to
present the most up-to-date information and make Molecular Genetics
and Breeding of Forest Trees an important addition to your
professional or teaching collection. Helpful tables and figures
make important points easy to access and understand.
To make it easier to find the specific information you're looking
for, Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees is divided
into four sections: Forest Tree Functional Genomics, Molecular
Biology of Wood Formation, Forest Tree Transgenesis, and Genome
Mapping in Forest Trees. Within these sections, you'll find the
most up-to-date information on: functional genomics EST databases
proteomics in forest trees genomics of wood formation and in vitro
systems for the study of wood formation genetic transformation of
forest trees stable expression of foreign genes modification of
flowering in forest trees genome mapping in forest trees
microsatellite DNA markers in forest trees exploring the
transcriptome of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in trees
Scientists and researchers from top labs around the world share
their expertise!
This unique text integrates tree transgenesis, functional
genomics, and structural genomics to present, for the first time, a
unified approach to research on the molecular biology of forest
trees. A distinguished panel of scientists, researchers, and
educators from around the world have combined their efforts to
present the most up-to-date information and make Molecular Genetics
and Breeding of Forest Trees an important addition to your
professional or teaching collection. Helpful tables and figures
make important points easy to access and understand.
To make it easier to find the specific information you're looking
for, Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees is divided
into four sections: Forest Tree Functional Genomics, Molecular
Biology of Wood Formation, Forest Tree Transgenesis, and Genome
Mapping in Forest Trees. Within these sections, you'll find the
most up-to-date information on: functional genomics EST databases
proteomics in forest trees genomics of wood formation and in vitro
systems for the study of wood formation genetic transformation of
forest trees stable expression of foreign genes modification of
flowering in forest trees genome mapping in forest trees
microsatellite DNA markers in forest trees exploring the
transcriptome of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in trees
• The volume explores the relationship between higher education,
employment and economic development in India • It provides a
platform to discuss, debate and exchange ideas and insights on
various issues, challenges relating to employment generation and
development. • This volume will be of interest to teachers,
students, and researchers of education, anthropology, economics,
and political economy across UK and US. It will also be useful for
academicians, practitioners, policymakers, and those interested in
humanities, social sciences, and policy agendas.
This book offers a conversant and comprehensive overview of the
themes and concepts in spiritual tourism and Millennial tourists.
Providing interdisciplinary insights from leading international
researchers and academicians, this makes a critical contribution to
the knowledge around spiritual tourism. Organized into four parts,
the edited book provides modern and cutting-edge perspectives on
important topics like linkages between spirituality and tourism,
the predicament of spirituality in tourism among Millennials,
anthropological views on spirituality, the work-life-balance,
marketing of spiritual tourism destinations and the issues, threats
and prospects of spiritual tourism in the emerging era. Part I
introduces core concepts, theories on spiritual tourism and links
it with the Millennial world. Part II explores the inclinations of
millennials towards spirituality and their travel motivations,
experiences, behaviours with special reference to spirituality. In
Part III, on holistic tourism, the role of digitization in
spiritual tourism adoption, marketing and management perspectives
with special reference to Millennials are discussed. Part IV
examines the issues, threats, policies and practices linked with
spiritual tourism. This part also aims to explore the future
challenges, opportunities for spiritual tourism development and to
propose research-based solutions. Overall, the book will be a
suitable means of getting insight into the minds of the diverse,
experimental and open-minded generation of millennials. This book
will fill the gap of research on spiritual tourism. As an edited
book, it will add on new research and knowledge base with high
quality contributions from researchers and practitioners interested
in tourism management, hospitality management, business studies
regional development and destination management.
The self-contained properties of discotic liquid crystals (DLCs)
render them powerful functional materials for many semiconducting
device applications and models for energy and charge migration in
self-organized dynamic functional soft materials. The past three
decades have seen tremendous interest in this area, fueled
primarily by the possibility of creating a new generation of
organic semiconductors and wide viewing displays using DLCs. While
a number of books on classical calamitic liquid crystals are
available, there are, as yet, no books that are dedicated
exclusively to the basic design principles, synthesis, and physical
properties of DLCs. The first reference book to cover DLCs,
Chemistry of Discotic Liquid Crystals: From Monomers to Polymers
highlights the chemistry and thermal behavior of DLCs. Divided into
six chapters, each with a general description, background, and
context for the concepts involved, the book begins with a basic
introduction to liquid crystals, describing molecular self-assembly
and various types of liquid crystals. It outlines their
classification, covers their history and general applications, and
focuses on DLCs and their discovery, structure, characterization,
and alignment. The book goes on to examine the chemistry and
physical properties of various monomeric DLCs, including 25
sections describing the synthesis and mesomorphic properties of
monomeric DLCs formed by different cores. The bulk of the book
covers the chemistry and mesomorphism of discotic dimers,
oligomers, and polymers and concludes with a look at some
applicable properties of DLCs. A comprehensive and up-to-date
resource, this book is designed to be accessible and of value not
just for students and researchers but also to the directors and
principal investigators working in this field, providing the
foundation and fuel to advance this fast-growing technological
field.
This book offers a conversant and comprehensive overview of the
themes and concepts in spiritual tourism and Millennial tourists.
Providing interdisciplinary insights from leading international
researchers and academicians, this makes a critical contribution to
the knowledge around spiritual tourism. Organized into four parts,
the edited book provides modern and cutting-edge perspectives on
important topics like linkages between spirituality and tourism,
the predicament of spirituality in tourism among Millennials,
anthropological views on spirituality, the work-life-balance,
marketing of spiritual tourism destinations and the issues, threats
and prospects of spiritual tourism in the emerging era. Part I
introduces core concepts, theories on spiritual tourism and links
it with the Millennial world. Part II explores the inclinations of
millennials towards spirituality and their travel motivations,
experiences, behaviours with special reference to spirituality. In
Part III, on holistic tourism, the role of digitization in
spiritual tourism adoption, marketing and management perspectives
with special reference to Millennials are discussed. Part IV
examines the issues, threats, policies and practices linked with
spiritual tourism. This part also aims to explore the future
challenges, opportunities for spiritual tourism development and to
propose research-based solutions. Overall, the book will be a
suitable means of getting insight into the minds of the diverse,
experimental and open-minded generation of millennials. This book
will fill the gap of research on spiritual tourism. As an edited
book, it will add on new research and knowledge base with high
quality contributions from researchers and practitioners interested
in tourism management, hospitality management, business studies
regional development and destination management.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Business Management
The focus of this book is to introduce artificial intelligence (AI)
and machine learning (ML) technologies into the context of business
management. The book gives insights into the implementation and
impact of AI and ML to business leaders, managers, technology
developers, and implementers. With the maturing use of AI or ML in
the field of business intelligence, this book examines several
projects with innovative uses of AI beyond data organization and
access. It follows the Predictive Modeling Toolkit for providing
new insight on how to use improved AI tools in the field of
business. It explores cultural heritage values and risk assessments
for mitigation and conservation and discusses on-shore and
off-shore technological capabilities with spatial tools for
addressing marketing and retail strategies, and insurance and
healthcare systems. Taking a multidisciplinary approach for using
AI, this book provides a single comprehensive reference resource
for undergraduate, graduate, business professionals, and related
disciplines.
Many small and medium scale businesses cannot afford to procure
expensive cybersecurity tools. In many cases, even after
procurement, lack of a workforce with knowledge of the standard
architecture of enterprise security, tools are often used
ineffectively. The Editors have developed multiple projects which
can help in developing cybersecurity solution architectures and the
use of the right tools from the open-source software domain. This
book has 8 chapters describing these projects in detail with
recipes on how to use open-source tooling to obtain standard cyber
defense and the ability to do self-penetration testing and
vulnerability assessment. This book also demonstrates work related
to malware analysis using machine learning and implementation of
honeypots, network Intrusion Detection Systems in a security
operation center environment. It is essential reading for
cybersecurity professionals and advanced students.
Sub- and Supercritical Hydrothermal Technology: Industrial
Applications offers a practical view of a variety of industrial
applications and their challenges, offering a deep understanding of
the application of sub- and supercritical fluids and their
techno-economic viability. This book covers a wide range of
applications of hydrothermal processing that result in almost zero
waste, high energy efficiency, sustainable chemical processes, and
minimal impact over the life cycle. These applications include
processing of hazardous waste, bioproducts, coal, lipids, heavy oil
and bitumen, and carbon materials. The use of hot-compressed water
instead of different organic solvents, such as methanol, acetone,
and hexane, is an environmentally benign, green, and sustainable
option which can help to design chemical processes that support
green chemistry and engineering. This book is pertinent for
researchers and professionals in the fields of chemical
engineering, industrial chemistry, environmental engineering,
materials engineering, and manufacturing.
Digital images have several benefits, such as faster and
inexpensive processing cost, easy storage and communication,
immediate quality assessment, multiple copying while preserving
quality, swift and economical reproduction, and adaptable
manipulation. Digital medical images play a vital role in everyday
life. Medical imaging is the process of producing visible images of
inner structures of the body for scientific and medical study and
treatment as well as a view of the function of interior tissues.
This process pursues disorder identification and management.
Medical imaging in 2D and 3D includes many techniques and
operations such as image gaining, storage, presentation, and
communication. The 2D and 3D images can be processed in multiple
dimensions. Depending on the requirement of a specific problem, one
must identify various features of 2D or 3D images while applying
suitable algorithms. These image processing techniques began in the
1960s and were used in such fields as space, clinical purposes, the
arts, and television image improvement. In the 1970s, with the
development of computer systems, the cost of image processing was
reduced and processes became faster. In the 2000s, image processing
became quicker, inexpensive, and simpler. In the 2020s, image
processing has become a more accurate, more efficient, and
self-learning technology. This book highlights the framework of the
robust and novel methods for medical image processing techniques in
2D and 3D. The chapters explore existing and emerging image
challenges and opportunities in the medical field using various
medical image processing techniques. The book discusses real-time
applications for artificial intelligence and machine learning in
medical image processing. The authors also discuss implementation
strategies and future research directions for the design and
application requirements of these systems. This book will benefit
researchers in the medical image processing field as well as those
looking to promote the mutual understanding of researchers within
different disciplines that incorporate AI and machine learning.
FEATURES Highlights the framework of robust and novel methods for
medical image processing techniques Discusses implementation
strategies and future research directions for the design and
application requirements of medical imaging Examines real-time
application needs Explores existing and emerging image challenges
and opportunities in the medical field
Presents the knowledge and history of Bitcoin Offers recent
Blockchain applications Discusses developing working code for
real-world Blockchain applications Includes many real-life examples
Covers going from the original bitcoin protocol to the second
generation Ethereum platform
This book presents the basics and recent advancements in natural
language processing and information retrieval in a single volume.
It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and
academic researchers in interdisciplinary areas of electrical
engineering, electronics engineering, computer engineering, and
information technology. This text emphasizes the existing problem
domains and possible new directions in natural language processing
and information retrieval. It discusses the importance of
information retrieval with the integration of machine learning,
deep learning, and word embedding. This approach supports the quick
evaluation of real-time data. It covers important topics including
rumor detection techniques, sentiment analysis using graph-based
techniques, social media data analysis, and language-independent
text mining. The book- • Covers aspects of information retrieval
in different areas including healthcare, data analysis, and machine
translation. • Discusses recent advancements in
language-independent and domain-independent information extraction
from textual and/ or multimodal data. • Explains models including
decision making, random walk, knowledge graphs, word embedding,
n-grams, and frequent pattern mining. • Provides integrated
approaches of machine learning, deep learning, and word embedding
for natural language processing. • Covers latest datasets for
natural language processing and information retrieval for social
media like Twitter. The text is primarily written for graduate
students and academic researchers in interdisciplinary areas of
electrical engineering, electronics engineering, computer
engineering, and information technology.
Purple sweet potato (PSP) is a special type of sweet potato with
high concentration of anthocyanin pigment in the root. It is rich
in starch, sugar, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants like
phenolics, -carotene, and has a strong prospect as substrate for
alcoholic fermentation. The low cost of sweet potato and its
prospective usage in the production of alcoholic beverages make it
viable for commercialization. The book reviews the use of the roots
of PSP for the production of three novel products, i.e. anthocyanin
rich wine (red wine), herbal/medicinal sweet potato wine, and
anthocyanin rich beer which have higher health benefit than other
wines and beers. The book elucidates the use of novel technologies
in the preparation of this non-conventional wine and beer,
processing, biochemical and organoleptic quality of the finished
products and health implications. It will be of interest to
innovators, researchers and students. The novel technologies in
wine and beer making described in the book will set a precedence
for production of other alcoholic beverages from starchy sources.
Biopharmaceuticals are emerging as frontline medicines to combat
several life-threatening and chronic diseases. However, such
medicines are expensive to develop and produce on a commercial
scale, contributing to rising healthcare costs. Developability of
Biotherapeutics: Computational Approaches describes applications of
computational and molecular modeling techniques that improve the
overall process of discovery and development by removing
empiricism. The concept of developability involves making rational
choices at the pre-clinical stages of biopharmaceutical drug
development that could positively impact clinical outcomes. The
book also addresses a general lack of awareness of the many
different contributions that computation can make to
biopharmaceutical drug development. This informative and practical
reference is a valuable resource for professionals engaged in
industrial research and development, scientists working with
regulatory agencies, and pharmacy, medicine, and life science
students and educators. It focuses primarily on the developability
of monoclonal antibody candidates, but the principles described can
also be extended to other modalities such as recombinant proteins,
fusion proteins, antibody drug conjugates and vaccines. The book is
organized into two sections. The first discusses principles and
applications of computational approaches toward discovering and
developing biopharmaceutical drugs. The second presents best
practices in developability assessments of early-stage
biopharmaceutical drug candidates. In addition to raising awareness
of the promise of computational research, this book also discusses
solutions required to improve the success rate of translating
biologic drug candidates into products available in the clinic. As
such, it is a rich source of information on current principles and
practices as well as a starting point for finding innovative
applications of computation towards biopharmaceutical drug
development.
This book unravels the role of Point-of-Care (POC) glucose
monitoring as an essential part of diabetes management. It provides
the reader with an in-depth knowledge and understanding of diabetes
management, including: the need for POC glucose monitoring the
glucose detection technologies (invasive, noninvasive and
continuous) being used in the POC devices the analytical
performance, characteristics, pros and cons of the POC devices
developed to date the importance and role of glycated hemoglobin
(HbA1c) monitoring for diabetes management the various POC devices
and analyzers for the determination of HbA1c. This is the first
book to provide complete up-to-date information on POC glucose
detection technologies and devices for diabetic monitoring and
management. It will be an important reference for healthcare
professionals, biomedical engineers, researchers, economists and
policy makers. This book also serves as an asset and teaching aid
for professionals and researchers in diabetic monitoring and
management.
The self-contained properties of discotic liquid crystals (DLCs)
render them powerful functional materials for many semiconducting
device applications and models for energy and charge migration in
self-organized dynamic functional soft materials. The past three
decades have seen tremendous interest in this area, fueled
primarily by the possibility of creating a new generation of
organic semiconductors and wide viewing displays using DLCs. While
a number of books on classical calamitic liquid crystals are
available, there are, as yet, no books that are dedicated
exclusively to the basic design principles, synthesis, and physical
properties of DLCs. The first reference book to cover DLCs,
Chemistry of Discotic Liquid Crystals: From Monomers to Polymers
highlights the chemistry and thermal behavior of DLCs. Divided into
six chapters, each with a general description, background, and
context for the concepts involved, the book begins with a basic
introduction to liquid crystals, describing molecular self-assembly
and various types of liquid crystals. It outlines their
classification, covers their history and general applications, and
focuses on DLCs and their discovery, structure, characterization,
and alignment. The book goes on to examine the chemistry and
physical properties of various monomeric DLCs, including 25
sections describing the synthesis and mesomorphic properties of
monomeric DLCs formed by different cores. The bulk of the book
covers the chemistry and mesomorphism of discotic dimers,
oligomers, and polymers and concludes with a look at some
applicable properties of DLCs. A comprehensive and up-to-date
resource, this book is designed to be accessible and of value not
just for students and researchers but also to the directors and
principal investigators working in this field, providing the
foundation and fuel to advance this fast-growing technological
field.
This reference text discusses advances in wireless communication,
design challenges, and future research directions to design
reliable wireless communication. The text discusses emerging
technologies including wireless sensor networks, Internet of Things
(IoT), cloud computing, mm-Wave, Massive MIMO, cognitive radios
(CR), visible light communication (VLC), wireless optical
communication, signal processing, and channel modeling. The text
covers artificial intelligence-based applications in wireless
communication, machine learning techniques and challenges in
wireless sensor networks, and deep learning for channel and
bandwidth estimation during optical wireless communication. The
text will be useful for senior undergraduate, graduate students,
and professionals in the fields of electrical engineering, and
electronics and communication engineering.
Engineered Nanostructures for Therapeutics and Biomedical
Applications offers a single reference for a diverse biomedical
readership to learn about the application of nanotechnology in
biomedicine and biomedical engineering, from past developments to
current research and future prospects. This book sets out a broad
selection of biomedical and therapeutic applications for
nanostructures, including bioimaging, nanorobotics, orthopedics,
and tissue engineering, offering a useful, multidisciplinary
approach. Each chapter discusses challenges faced in each
discipline, including limiting factors, biocompatibility, and
toxicity, thus enabling the reader to make informed decisions in
their research. This book is a comprehensive, broad overview of the
role and significance of nanomaterials and their composites that
also includes discussions of key aspects in the field of
biomedicine. It will be of significant interest to academics and
researchers in materials science and engineering, biomedicine and
biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, pharmaceutics,
bioimaging, and nanorobotics.
This Handbook offers an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of
core themes and concepts in community-based tourism management.
Providing interdisciplinary insights from leading international
scholars, this is the first book to critically examine the current
status of community-based tourism. Organised into five parts, the
Handbook provides cutting-edge perspectives on issues such as
Indigenous communities, tourism and the environment,
sustainability, and the impact of digital communities. Part 1
introduces core concepts and methodologies, and distinguishes
community products from other tourism and hospitality goods. Part 2
explores communities' attitudes towards tourism development and
their engagement with and ownership of the process. It also delves
into the role of community- based tourism, under the influence of
governmental policies, in the economic and social development of a
region. In Part 3 various management, marketing, and branding
initiatives are identified as a means of expanding the tourism
business. Part 4 examines the negative impacts of mass tourism and
its threats to culture, tradition, identity, the built environment,
and natural heritage. In the final and fifth part, future
challenges and opportunities for community-based tourism
initiatives are considered, and research-based sustainable
solutions are proposed. Overall, the book considers engaging local
populations in tourism development as a way of building stronger
and more resilient communities. This Handbook fills a void in the
current research and thus will appeal to scholars, students, and
practitioners interested in tourism management, tourism geography,
business studies, development policy and practice, regional
development, conservation, and sustainability.
Advances in Legume-based Agroecoystem for Sustainable
Intensification explores current research and future strategies for
ensuring capacity growth and socioeconomic improvement through the
utilization of legume crop cultivation and production in the
achievement of sustainability development goals (SDGs). Sections
cover the role of legumes in addressing issues of food security,
improving nitrogen in the environment, environmental
sustainability, economic-environmentally optimized systems, the
importance and impact of nitrogen, organic production, and biomass
potential, legume production, biology, breeding improvement,
cropping systems, and the use of legumes for eco-friendly weed
management. This book is an important resource for scientists,
researchers and advanced students interested in championing the
effective utilization of legumes for agronomic and ecological
benefit.
Analysis, Fate, and Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials in Plants,
Volume 84 in the Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry series,
highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume
presenting interesting chapters on the Current status of
environmental monitoring, Physical principles of infrared, Chemical
principles of infrared, Instrumentation and hardware, Data
analysis, Sampling, Applications in water, Application in soil and
sediments, Applications in ecology of animals and plants,
Applications in air monitoring, Applications in contamination,
Applications in marine environments, Advantages and pitfalls, and
more.
Indigenous Fermented Foods for the Tropics provides insights on
fermented foods of the Tropics, particularly Africa, Asia and South
America, highlighting key aspects and potential developments for
these food products. Sections provide an overview on the production
and composition (nutritional, physicochemical, health beneficial
and microbiota) of these indigenous fermented foods in the tropics,
focus on innovative techniques for investigating the composition of
these fermented food products and improvement of the fermentation
process to yield better nutritional constituents, health beneficial
components and sensory qualities, and cover safety aspects to be
considered in fermented foods. Final sections provide insights on
the packaging and marketing of these food products. This book
provides new perspectives and recent information to complement
existing texts on indigenous fermented foods serving as a valuable
reference text for detailed insights into indigenous fermented
foods of the tropics.
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